Notice: Undefined variable: HTTP_USER_AGENT in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 28

Notice: Undefined variable: HTTP_SERVER_VARS in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 34

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 76

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 77

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 78

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 79

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 80

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 81

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 82

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 83

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 84

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 76

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 77

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 78

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 79

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 80

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 81

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 82

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 83

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 84

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 76

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 77

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 78

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 79

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 80

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 81

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 82

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 83

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 84

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 95

Notice: Undefined variable: forum_admin in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 100

Notice: Undefined variable: inside_mod in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 103

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/config.php on line 132

Notice: Undefined variable: inside_mod in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/db/db.php on line 44

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/includes/sql_layer.php on line 17

Strict Standards: Resource ID#9 used as offset, casting to integer (9) in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/db/mysql.php on line 208

Strict Standards: Resource ID#9 used as offset, casting to integer (9) in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/db/mysql.php on line 209

Deprecated: Function eregi_replace() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 161

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php:83) in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 183

Notice: Constant _YOUHAVE already defined in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/language/lang-turkish.php on line 159

Notice: Undefined variable: gfx in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 1168

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/modules.php on line 24

Notice: Undefined variable: user in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/modules.php on line 28

Strict Standards: Resource ID#11 used as offset, casting to integer (11) in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/db/mysql.php on line 208

Strict Standards: Resource ID#11 used as offset, casting to integer (11) in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/db/mysql.php on line 209

Deprecated: Function ereg() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/modules.php on line 37

Deprecated: Function ereg() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/modules.php on line 37

Deprecated: Function ereg() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/modules.php on line 37

Notice: Undefined offset: 2 in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 237

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/modules/News/print.php on line 19

Notice: Use of undefined constant admin - assumed 'admin' in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 192

Notice: Constant _HELLO already defined in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/modules/News/language/lang-turkish.php on line 73

Notice: Constant _ADD already defined in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/modules/News/language/lang-turkish.php on line 91

Strict Standards: Resource ID#14 used as offset, casting to integer (14) in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/db/mysql.php on line 208

Strict Standards: Resource ID#14 used as offset, casting to integer (14) in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/db/mysql.php on line 209

Deprecated: Function eregi() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/config.php on line 132

Deprecated: Function eregi_replace() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 736

Deprecated: Function eregi_replace() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 738

Deprecated: Function eregi_replace() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 740

Deprecated: Function eregi_replace() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 742

Deprecated: Function ereg() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 745

Strict Standards: Resource ID#16 used as offset, casting to integer (16) in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/db/mysql.php on line 208

Strict Standards: Resource ID#16 used as offset, casting to integer (16) in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/db/mysql.php on line 209

Deprecated: Function ereg() is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/ege-edebiyat.org/httpdocs/mainfile.php on line 786
::EGE EDEBIYAT:: - ÖNERME NEDİR?


ÖNERME NEDİR?
Tarih: 15.11.2005 Saat: 23:32
Konu: Düşünme Sanatı


  ÖNERME NEDİR?



 

ÖNERME NEDİR?

 

Önerme: Önerme (proposition) kabul edilebilen (affirmée) yahut reddedilebilen (niée) bir iddiadır (assertion). Her önerme bir cümledir, ama her cümle bir önerme değildir. Sadece haber (déclarative) cümleleri önermedir. Şu cümleler önerme değildir: a) Soru (interrogative) cümleleri: “Kim geldi?”. b) Emir cümleleri: “ Kapıyı aç!” c) İstek cümleleri (volitives): “Gelmek isterim.” Bir önermenin üç parçası vardır: Konu (sujet),  sıfat (prédicat), bağ (copule). “Dünya yuvarlak-tır.” önermesinde “Dünya” konu, “yuvarlak”  sıfat, “-tır” bağ adını alır. Sıfat olan kelime “iddia”yı temsil eder.

Nicelik (Quantite): “Politikacılar yalancıdır.” Açık (precision) olmayan bir önermedir. “Bütün politikacılar yalancıdır.” mı demek istenmiştir, yahut “Bazı politikacılar yalancıdır.” mı demek istenmiştir? Bunun açıklığa kavuşturulması gerekirdi. Bütün ve bazı sözleri önermenin nicelik (quantitatif) karakterini belirtir. Bütünü ifade eden önermeler, tümeldir (universelles). Parçayı ifade eden önermeler tikeldir (particulieres). Tek bir bireyi ifade ediyorsa tekildir.

Nitelik (Qualité): Bir önerme, bir şeyi ya tasdik ya inkâr eder. O halde nitelik yönünden önermeler iki tipe ayrılır: a) Tasdik (affirmative) önermeleri: “Taş ağırdır.”, b) inkâr (négative) önermeleri: “ Taş canlı değildir.”

 

Nicelik ve nitelik bakımından önermeler dört çeşit olabilir:

1)     Tümel olumlu önermeler ( işareti:  A:    Asserti) : “Her A, B’dir.”

2)     Tümel olumsuz önermeler (işareti :E:    NEgat): “Hiçbir A, B değildir.”

3)     Tikel olumlu önermeler ( işareti:    İ :     Aff İrmo):Bazı A’lar B’dir.”

4)     Tikel olumsuz önermeler  (işareti:   O:    NegO) : “Bazı A’lar, B değildir.

 

1. ve 2. önermeler  karşıt (mukabil) önermelerdir (contraires).

1. ve 4. önermeler çelişik önermelerdir (contradictoires) .

3. ve 4. önermeler altık önermelerdir (subalternes yahut sous-contraires).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 







Bu haberin geldigi yer: ::EGE EDEBIYAT::
ege-edebiyat.org

Bu haber icin adres:
ege-edebiyat.org/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=169